"While there can be wide variation of activities and content in a Vygotskian classroom, four principles always apply: 1. Learning and development is a social, collaborative activity 2. The Zone of Proximal Development can serve as a guide for curricular and lesson planning 3. Classroom activity should be reality-based and applicable to the real world 4. Learning extends to the home and other out-of-school environments and activities and all learning situations should be related. " http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/social/Vygotsky.html
The zone of proximal development, often abbreviated as ZPD, is the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can do with help. It is a concept introduced, yet not fully developed, by Soviet psychologist Lev Vygotsky (1896–1934) during the last ten years of his life.
Social constructivism is a variety of cognitive constructivism that emphasizes the collaborative nature of much learning. Social constructivism was developed by post-revolutionary Soviet psychologist Lev Vygotsky.